黑棘鲷仔鱼饥饿实验及不可逆点的确定

在水温18℃~19℃条件下，采用实验生态学方法研究了饥饿对黑棘鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)仔鱼存活、生长发育及行为学特征的影响。通过测定仔鱼的初次摄食率和饥饿不可逆点(PNR)，确定了初次投喂的最佳时间。结果显示，黑棘鲷仔鱼3日龄开口摄食，4日龄卵黄囊消失，6日龄油球消失，混合营养期仅3 d，属容易遭受饥饿胁迫的鱼类。仔鱼开口时初次摄食率仅为30%，之后迅速提高，至5日龄达到最高的90%，之后逐渐下降，7日龄降至45%，到达PNR。饥饿组仔鱼在6日龄后开始出现生理性萎缩，全长与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)，进入PNR后，仔鱼活动能力显著下降，身体出现扭曲、畸形，死亡率急剧升高，至10日龄全部死亡。黑棘鲷仔鱼耐受饥饿能力较弱，建议开始投饵的最适时机为仔鱼开口后的4 d内。     

不同成熟期茄子品种对侧多食跗线螨抗性研究

以田间种群密度作抗性指标对不同成熟期茄子品种抗侧多食跗线螨（Polyphago-tarsonemus latus(Banks）进行差异分析研究，结果表明不同成熟期茄子品种对侧多食跗线螨的抗性差异不显著。     

Effect of dietary ascorbate fortification on lipolysis activity of juvenile black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegeli

ABSTRACT:   Hatchery-reared black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegeli juveniles averaging 0.05 g in body weight were fed either a control diet (commercial diet) or an experimental diet in which the commercial diet was fortified with 50 mg l -ascorbyl 2-monophosphate Mg (APM)/100 g diet for 50 days. Calcium ascorbate supplemented as a vitamin mixture in the control diet was completely destroyed during storage. Fortification with APM significantly increased the ascorbic acid levels in the muscle, liver, brain and eye. Although APM fortification did not influence growth, survival or fish body composition, adipocyte diameter in the intraperitoneal fat body (IPF) was significantly reduced. After the feeding experiment, the fish were kept for 39 days without feeding. Fortification with APM resulted in high survival, high muscle protein retention and low body weight loss. The results suggested the necessity of fortification with an adequate amount of ascorbate in the diet. While fatty acid compositions of the IPF, muscle and liver were not significantly influenced by APM fortification, characteristic changes in the fatty acid profile were found after starvation. Vitamin C and highly unsaturated fatty acids seemed crossly interactive in relation to lipolysis activity in black sea bream juveniles.     

Replacing rotifers with a microparticle diet from first feeding in yellowfin seabream,Acanthopagrus latus (Houttuyn), larvae

The possibility to replace or reduce rotifer use with a microparticle diet (MPD) from first feeding in yellowfin seabream larvae was investigated. The experiment consisted of five treatments, a rotifer (100%) control treatment (100R), three experimental treatments, which received a fixed ration of MPD supplemented with 75%, 50% and 25% of the amount rotifer fed in the control treatment (treatments 75R‐MPD, 50R‐MPD and 25R‐MPD respectively), and finally a treatment with the fixed MPD ration only (treatment 0R‐MPD). The results indicated that feeding regimes 100R, 75R‐MPD and 50R‐MPD did not differ significantly in the total length, final survival and stress test resistance. The highest dry weight was achieved in treatments 100R and 75R‐MPD at the end of the experiment compared with treatments 50R‐MPD, 25R‐MPD and 0R‐MPD. The 0R‐MPD treatment showed the lowest growth and survival. Yellowfin seabream larvae were able to ingest inert food directly from the moment of first feeding.     

黄鳍棘鲷血清IgM的纯化及兔抗血清的制备

分别采用Sepharose-6B凝胶过滤层析、Phenyl Sepharose FF疏水作用层析和rProtein A Sepharose亲和层析技术纯化黄鳍棘鲷（Acanthopagrus latus）血清IgM，并将这3种层析纯化方法进行了比较。纯化产物进行SDS—PAGE，电泳结果扫描后经Band Scan5．0软件分析显示，单独使用Sepharose-6B凝胶过滤层析或Phenyl Sepharose FF疏水作用层析得到的IgM纯度只有56％左右；二者联合使用纯度可以达到69％，而rProtein A Sepharose亲和层析一步就可以达到89％的纯度；纯化得到的黄鳍棘鲷血清IgM的重链和轻链分子量分别为73．6kD和26．5kD。本研究还以rProtein A Sepharose亲和层析纯化的黄鳍棘鲷血清IgM为抗原，制备其兔抗血清，采用Western Blot和双向琼脂扩散检测抗血清免疫学活性，并用间接ELISA检测其效价达到1：25600，为进一步开展黄鳍棘鲷免疫学方面的研究奠定了基础。     

Utilization of different raw and pre-gelatinized starch sources by juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus

Raw corn starch (RCS), raw tapioca starch (RTS), raw potato starch (RPS), pre‐gelatinized corn starch (PCS), pre‐gelatinized tapioca starch (PTS) and pre‐gelatinized potato starch (PPS) were evaluated as starch sources in diets for yellowfin seabream Sparus latus in a 56‐day growth trial. Seven isonitrogenous semi‐purified diets comprising a non‐starch cellulose control diet and the six different starch sources holding 200 g kg⁻¹ starch each were prepared and fed to triplicate groups of juvenile yellowfin seabream S. latus. Fish were fed for 8 weeks. Weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) for fish fed RCS, RTS and RPS diets were equal, as well as for fish fed PCS, PTS and PPS diets, but values in groups fed the raw starch sources were significantly higher compared with fish fed the pre‐gelatinized starches. Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio in fish fed different starch source diets showed no significant differences but were significantly higher than those fed a non‐starch control diet. Protein productive value was improved by starch incorporation to diets. PCS, PTS or PPS groups showed lower feed intake compared with RCS, RTS or RPS groups, and the differences were significant between PCS, PPS and RCS, RPS groups. Whole‐body protein and ash contents and muscle compositions were not affected by different starch sources. Whole‐body and liver lipid contents, liver moisture and glycogen contents were significantly affected by starch source. Values of hepatosomatic index, intraperitoneal fat ratio, viscerosomatic index and condition factor did not vary between experimental treatments. Plasma total protein concentration for RCS, RTS or RPS fed fish was significantly higher than that for PCS, PTS or PPS fed fish, but significantly lower than that for non‐starch fed fish. Plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were unaffected by starch source, but were significantly higher in fish fed the non‐starch control diets. Plasma glucose concentrations in all dietary groups were relatively stable. In conclusion, raw corn, tapioca and potato starches at a 200 g kg⁻¹ inclusion level were well utilized as energy sources by yellowfin seabream, which was evidenced by better WG and SGR. Pre‐gelatinization of the starches had no positive effect on starch utilization.     

黄鳍鲷主要消化酶活性在消化道不同部位的比较研究

研究了黄鳍鲷（Sparus latus Houttuyn）主要消化酶（蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶）在消化道不同部位（肝胰脏、胃、前肠、中肠、后肠）的分布情况。结果表明，蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶比活最高的部位分别是胃、肝胰脏和前肠，酶活性明显高于其他部分（P〈0．01）。从肠道消化酶的比活大小来看，蛋白酶比活是前肠、中肠、后肠依次降低，淀粉酶比活是中肠〉前肠〉后肠，脂肪酶比活是前肠〉后肠〉中肠。     

Temperature and salinity tolerances of yellowfin sea bream, Acanthopagrus latus, at different salinity and temperature levels

Abstract Yellowfin sea bream Acanthopagrus latus (Houttuyn) (0.98 ± 0.27 g) were examined for temperature and salinity tolerances at nine different environmental regimes (0.3, 15 and 33 ppt combined with 10, 25 and 32 °C), in which the fish were subjected to gradual and sudden changes in temperature and salinity respectively. The 50% CTMax (critical thermal maximum) and the UILT (upper incipient lethal temperature) were in the range of 34.8–38.2 °C and 32.8–36.4 °C respectively. The 50% CTMin (critical thermal minimum) and the LILT (lower incipient lethal temperature) were in the ranges of 4.9–9.4 °C and 7.1–17.6 °C respectively. The 50% CSMax (critical salinity maximum) and the UILS (upper incipient lethal salinity) were in the ranges of 54–69‰ and 9–44‰, respectively. The fish at lower temperature (10 °C) and salinity of 33‰ tolerated temperature as low as 6 °C when the temperature was decreased gradually. The fish at 33 and 15‰ and lower temperature (10 °C) tolerated salinity as high as 66–67‰, whereas those at freshwater salinity level (0.3‰) and 32 °C tolerated salinity to 50‰ when salinity was increased gradually. The relationships among UILT, LILT, 50% CTMax, 50% CTMin, UILS, 50% CSMax, salinity and temperature are given.     

黄鳍鲷的池养生长特性及其饲养技术

研究了黄鳍鲷池养生长特性和饲养技术,单养黄鳍鲷的旺生长期Ⅰ龄,应用ｖｏｎＢｅｒｔａｌａｎｆｆｙ方程,求得人工饲养条件下其体长、体重生长方程为Ｌｔ＝２４８．１７５９「１－ｅ＾－１．０３１４（ｔ＋０．１４８３）」;Ｗｔ＝４６９．２９２６「１－ｅ＾－１．０３１４（ｔ＋０．１４８３）」＾２．８３０２。体重生长拐点于０．８６龄处。进行２８８．２ｈｍ＾２的河口近岸池塘单养和混养,单养周年平均单产７．３ｔ／ｈｍ